造神抑或渎神：欧文·戈夫曼的世俗宗教观论析
作者：王晴锋 2021-09-15 14:41 新传播 【字号：大 中 小】
欧文·戈夫曼的世俗宗教观主要体现于他对互动仪式的阐述，人际仪式是互动秩序及其神圣性的根源。个体在世俗仪式的关照下被敬若神明，他们是现代社会的神圣客体，在日常互动中受到尊重、供奉并竭力维护其脸面。个体主义观念下的现代人扮演着双重角色：他们既是自己的偶像，又是自己的牧师。然而，世俗性的人际仪式亦面临着各种潜在的风险，其结果是导致神圣性的退化，这些因素包括面对面互动系统的权宜性和偶然性、情境的异质性、作为人的自私本性、自我的情境性以及商业化的侵蚀等。互动仪式也可能是工具性的，戈夫曼由此将批判的矛头直指以个体主义为主要内容的现代性。
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